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Are boys seen as ‘a problem’ before they are even born?

July 8, 2014 by Inside MAN 16 Comments

Photo courtesy: sdminor81

“The man on the Clapham Omnibus” is a phrase that’s used to refer to the hypothetical reasonable person, the individual whose views represent those of the average man or woman on the street. It’s shorthand for the voice of public opinion.

If that’s the case, it seems to me that a conversation I recently witnessed while sitting on a London bus (though it must be said, not one going to Clapham, or between two men), has alarming implications for society’s attitudes to boys.

Opposite me was a heavily pregnant mother, who looked to be in her early 30s, sitting next to her was her son, who I’d say was about seven or eight years old.

Beside me was an older woman, perhaps in her 50’s. The two women were chatting away about this and that, the little boy sitting quietly, occasionally gently touching his mum’s heavily pregnant stomach.

‘Girls are nice, sugar and spice’

After a lull in the conversation, the older woman turned to the little boy and said: “Would you like a brother or sister?”

Without hesitating, the boy replied confidently: “A sister.”

The woman replied: “Girls are nice,” then rubbing her eyes mockingly, “boys cry all the time, bleuurgh!” before adding: “Girls are nice, sugar and spice.”

The mother agreed, telling her friend: “You’re right, too.”

Simply common sense?

The older woman then turned to the little boy again and said: “But I’m sure if you have a little brother, you’d like him too.”

The boy sat quietly as the two women began chatting again about work.

As I listened to the exchange, and watched the little boy quietly absorbing it, I wondered what impact this must have had on him?

The conversation between the mother and her friend was so casual — as if they were simply discussing a matter of common sense – that it seemed reasonable to suppose it wouldn’t have been the first or the last time he’d heard the sentiment.

Thought experiment

How would he process this constant drip-drip of the idea that his “boyness” was somehow inferior and something to be ashamed of?

I also tried to turn the conversation on its head, to re-run it as if it were a father and his friend discussing an unborn daughter.

I was struck by my own reaction to this thought experiment — the idea of two men openly discussing in front of their daughter how unpleasant girls are, was immediately offensive.

In contrast the women clearly felt their conversation was one that was perfectly acceptable to have in public, something you wouldn’t expect anyone to disagree with.

Deeper significance

It can be a dangerous game to cherry-pick overheard conversations and use them as evidence of deeper cultural undercurrents, but at the same time, there are things that people simply do not say openly because they realise the condemnation they’d open themselves up to.

And the fact that the “What are little boys made of?” nursery rhyme is both so long-standing and trips so easily off the tongue, suggests that their conversation does have a deeper significance.

There are also high-profile mothers who have been happy to publicly express disdain for their unborn sons.

In 2012, Esther Walker wrote in the Daily Mail about her grave disappointment on learning she was to have a baby boy.

‘Boring, selfish men’

She wrote: “Please don’t condemn me. I know very little about boys, coming from a family of all girls, but what I have seen I really haven’t liked. Boys are gross; they attack their siblings with sticks, are obsessed with toilets, casually murder local wildlife and turn into disgusting teenage boys and then boring, selfish men.”

Then in June of this year, Z-list celebrity Josie Cunningham said she kept on drinking and smoking heavily during her pregnancy, because she found out her baby was to be a boy — comparing having a boy with driving a Ford, while having a girl was like owning an Audi.

Without doubt, there’s a huge element of prurience and deliberate provocation to both of these stories, but it’s hard to imagine any male columnist writing about his disdain at the thought of having a daughter, and neither story triggered any particular outrage as examples of ingrained sexism, which they surely would have done had the genders been reversed.

It goes without saying that the vast majority of parents are thrilled with their pregnancy and new-born child – regardless of gender.

And neither is it unusual or reprehensible to have a quiet fondness to complete a family with a baby of the opposite gender of the one already born, or for a father or mother to hanker after a baby of their own sex to share their own gendered experiences with.

But what’s disturbing is the openness of the disdain expressed in each of these examples — the fact that it seems somehow more publicly acceptable to feel and think this way about boys.

The most dangerous prejudices are the ones that go un-challenged.

If boys are already expected to be “a problem” before they are even born, how will this affect the way they are treated by parents and teachers as they grow up?

By Dan Bell

What do you think? Are there unchallenged and unrecognised prejudices against boys? Does society expect less of boys than girls? Does this have an impact on how boys see themselves? Tell us what you think in a comment or a tweet.

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Filed Under: Men’s Insights, Men’s Issues, Uncategorized Tagged With: boys, boys development, boys education, Esther Walker, Josie Cunningham, sexism against men

Is sexism to blame for the number of men in prison?

July 7, 2014 by Inside MAN 8 Comments

The number of men in prison should be radically reduced says a British Academy team backed by former Lord Chief Justice writes Glen Poole.

The number of male prisoners in the UK has nearly doubled in 20 years, but the majority should not be in prison according to a new report from experts at the British Academy.

The report argues that the majority of men in prison “face challenges or disadvantages of one form or another or have suffered a troubled upbringing” and should be transferred from prison into treatment and rehabilitation facilities, or given non-custodial sentences .

In particular, men with mental disorders, learning difficulties or suffering from drug or alcohol addiction, should not be in prison, say the report’s authors who are backed by Lord Woolf, the former Lord Chief Justice for England and Wales.

What the report doesn’t address is that while the concept of removing female offenders with “particular vulnerabilities” from the prison system has become a mainstream idea, our sexist assumptions that “real men aren’t vulnerable”, leaves us collectively incapable of viewing male prisoners as being vulnerable and needing an alternative to imprisonment.

The vulnerability of male prisoners

According to the British Academy report, the particular vulnerabilities that male prisoners experience include the following:

  • 68% of prisoners were not in paid employment prior to being imprisoned
  • 59% of young offenders have learning difficulties or borderline learning difficulties
  • 55% of prisoners commit crimes connected to their drug taking
  • 47% of prisoners have no educational qualifications
  • 41% of male prisoners were permanently excluded from school
  • 27% of men in prison are victims of child abuse
  • 24% of men in prison were removed from their families and spent time in care
  • 21% are from an ethnic minority (compared to 10% of the general population)
  • 18% of men in prison have a physical disability
  • 15% of male prisoners were homeless prior to being imprisoned
  • 12% of imprisoned men are black (compared with 3% of the general population)

From a moral perspective, the report’s authors say that the way we treat men who commit crimes should reflect the fundamental values of our society. They argue that the number of men imprisoned is excessive and fosters and institutionalizes social fragmentation along the lines of age, race, disability and of course gender.

Lack of opportunities for men

Criminal behaviour, they claim, is not simply the result of “faulty reasoning on the part of offenders” but a social problem shaped by the “educational, employment and social opportunities that society affords” men. For men who are economically excluded, they argue, “there is humiliation and disrespect, along with the sense of alienation which comes with relative deprivation in a world that prizes material success and purports to offer equal opportunity”. These men’s “identities are fragile rather than fixed or grounded [and] solutions to these conditions are found in…hyper-masculinity…and crime,” says the report.

With the cost of imprisoning men in England & Wales rising from around £1.5 billion to £3 billion in the past 20 years, the team of academics argue that the case for reducing the male prison population could reduce the financial cost to the public purse. They also stress that the state has a responsibility to keep the public safe, but claim that the majority of men do not pose a serious threat to society.

“In some cases sending a person to prison will be the most appropriate response to, and punishment for, the crimes that they have committed,” says the report. “But…this is not true in the majority of cases…… we should presume that in the majority of cases a custodial sentence will not be appropriate”.

Most male prisoners have mental disorders

The report’s authors are particularly concerned that mentally disordered offenders should be removed from prison through investment and transfer to more appropriate facilities, treatment and rehabilitation. According to the Prison Reform Trust, 72% of men in prison suffer from two or more mental disorders.

One of the biggest barriers to introducing the reforms proposed in the report is the fact the vast majority of prisoners are men. According to The Guardian columnist, Ally Fogg:

“Since the Corston report of 2007, there has been a persistent focus on reform of women’s sentencing from charities, campaigners and politicians of all parties. This gives a strong message that female offenders are special, to be pitied and understood. Male prisoners, by implication, are creators of their own ill-fortune.”

As the academics behind the British Academy report observe, it is all too tempting to subject offenders to look term stigma and exclusion. This is particularly the case when the offender is a man.

There is much to recommend this report. If it only focused on female prisoners, I’d be confident that its ideas and analysis would be broadly welcomed and put into practice. However, because of the sexist nature of our beliefs and our greater collective tolerance of the harm that happens to men and boys, it seems unlikely that we’ll be seeing the male prison population significantly reduced anytime soon.

To read the full report see: A Presumption Against Imprisonment: Social Order and Social Values

Tell us what you think. Is sexism at play in the treatment of male offenders and prisoners? Are we more open to acknowledging the vulnerabilities of female offenders when compared to male offenders? Should we be doing more to take male prisoners with specific challenges and disadvantages out of the prison system? Leave a comment below and join the conversation.

—Photo Credit: flickr/msakr 

Written by Glen Poole author of the book Equality For Men

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Filed Under: Men’s Issues Tagged With: Ally Fogg, articles by Glen Poole, British Academy, Corston Report, criminal justice, female prisoners, hyper-masculinity, Lord Woolf, male prisoners, men in prison, Prison Reform Trust, sexism against men, women in prison

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